IPTG (Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) is a chemical compound widely used in molecular biology research as an inducer of gene expression. IPTG mimics the natural sugar lactose, which binds to the Lac repressor and releases the operator region, allowing RNA polymerase to transcribe the genes downstream. IPTG is commonly used in bacterial systems to induce the expression of the lacZ gene, which encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase, and other genes cloned downstream of the lac promoter. IPTG is non-toxic and stable, and its concentration can be easily adjusted to control the level and timing of gene expression. IPTG is a white crystalline powder that can be dissolved in water or other solvents. It is commonly stored at -20°C and should be protected from light and moisture.
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